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Theoretical study on Janus graphene oxide membrane for water transport

Quan Liu, Mingqiang Chen, Yangyang Mao, Gongping Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 913-921 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1954-5

摘要： Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have received considerable attention owing to their outstanding water-permeation properties; however, the effect of the membrane’s microstructures (such as the distribution of oxidized and pristine regions) on the transport mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we performed molecular simulations to explore the permeation of a water–ethanol mixture using a new type of Janus GO membranes with different orientations of oxidized and pristine surfaces. The results indicate that the oxidized upper surface endows the GO membrane with considerable water-capture capability and the in-built oxidized interlayer promotes the effective vertical diffusion of water molecules. Consequently, using the optimized Janus GO membrane, infinite water selectivity and outstanding water flux (~40.9 kg⋅m ⋅h ) were achieved. This study contributes to explaining the role of oxidized regions in water permeation via GO membranes and suggests that Janus GO membranes could be used as potential candidates for water–ethanol separation.

关键词： graphene oxide membrane molecular dynamics simulation water permeation water-ethanol separation oxidized and pristine regions

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用于灵敏快速测量超阻隔渗透的预测仪器 Article

完颜剑峰, 曹坤, 陈志平, 李云, 刘晨曦, 吴润卿, 张晓东, 陈蓉

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第10期页码 1461-1470 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.017

摘要：

测量柔性有机显示器件对水蒸气的高阻隔性，是确保其可靠性所面临的重大工程挑战。一方面，目前缺少10^-6 g·m^-2·d^-1量级的水渗透率测试手段；另一方面，目前也没有标准的超阻隔样品用于渗透率测量的校准。为了对渗透过超阻隔材料的痕量水蒸气流量进行高灵敏、短周期测量，本文将渗透模型集成至基于渗透分子动态积累、检测和抽空的高灵敏质谱测量中，从而开发出了一种具有预测功能的测量仪器。通过使用标准聚合物样品进行校准，确保了测量结果的可靠性。校准后的水蒸气渗透检测下限在10^-7g·m^-2·d^-1量级，满足超阻隔渗透的测量灵敏度要求。本文利用渗透实验数据对所开发的预测渗透模型进行了测试评估，使得利用非稳态数据预测稳态渗透率成为可能，实现在更短的时间内有效开展超阻隔测量。

关键词：水蒸气渗透超阻隔预测模型四极杆质谱仪

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Porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules designed by microfluidics for selective permeation and stimuli-triggered

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 1643-1650 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2201-z

摘要： Microcapsules are versatile delivery vehicles and widely used in various areas. Generally, microcapsules with solid shells lack selective permeation and only exhibit a simple release mode. Here, we use ultrathin-shell water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions as templates and design porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules for selective permeation and multiple stimuli-triggered release. After preparation of double emulsions by microfluidic devices, negatively charged shellac nanoparticles dispersed in the inner water core electrostatically complex with positively charged telechelic α,ω-diamino functionalized polydimethylsiloxane polymers dissolved in the middle oil shell at the water/oil interface, thus forming a porous shell of shellac nanoparticles cross-linked by telechelic polymers. Subsequently, the double emulsions become porous microcapsules upon evaporation of the middle oil phase. The porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules exhibit excellent properties, including tunable size, selective permeation and stimuli-triggered release. Small molecules or particles can diffuse across the shell, while large molecules or particles are encapsulated in the core, and release of the encapsulated cargos can be triggered by osmotic shock or a pH change. Due to their unique performance, porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules present promising platforms for various applications, such as drug delivery.

关键词： microcapsule emulsion microfluidics selective permeation stimuli-triggered release

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ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and vinyl alcohol content on morphology, antifouling, and permeation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1484-1502 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2331-y

摘要： Various hydrophilic poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) were used herein to precisely control the structure and hydrodynamic properties of polysulfone (PSF) membranes. Particularly, to prepare pristine PSF and PSF/EVOH blends with increasing vinyl alcohol (VOH: 73%, 68%, 56%), the non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) technique was used. Polyethylene glycol was used as a compatibilizer and as a porogen in N,N-dimethylacetamide. Rheological and ultrasonic separation kinetic measurements were also carried out to develop an ultrafiltration membrane mechanism. The extracted membrane properties and filtration capabilities were systematically compared to the proposed mechanism. Accordingly, the addition of EVOH led to an increase in the rheology of the dopes. The resulting membranes exhibited a microporous structure, while the finger-like structures became more evident with increasing VOH content. The PSF/EVOH behavior was changed from immediate to delayed segregation due to a change in the hydrodynamic kinetics. Interestingly, the PSF/EVOH32 membranes showed high hydrophilicity and achieved a pure water permeability of 264 L·m^–2·h^–1·bar^–1, which was higher than that of pure PSF membranes (171 L·m^–2·h^–1·bar^–1). In addition, PSF/EVOH32 rejected bovine serum albumin at a high rate (> 90%) and achieved a significant restoration of permeability. Finally, from the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic results, valuable insights into the selection of hydrophilic copolymers were provided to tailor the membrane structure while improving both the permeability and antifouling performance.

关键词： polysulfone blend modification ultrafiltration membrane formation hydrodynamics poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymer

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Effect of PEG additives on properties and morphologies of polyetherimide membranes prepared by phase inversion

Jian CHEN, Jiding LI, Xia ZHAN, Xiaolong HAN, Cuixian CHEN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 300-306 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0280-8

摘要： This study investigated the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) additive as a pore-former on the structure formation of membranes and their permeation properties connected with the changes in thermodynamic and kinetic properties in the phase inversion process. The membranes were prepared by using polyetherimide/-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/PEG (PEI/NMP/PEG) casting solution and water coagulant. The resulting membranes, prepared by changing the ratio of PEG to PEI, were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, measurements of water flux and -globin rejection. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the membrane-forming system were studied through viscosity. The pore radius distribution curves were especially obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the membranes were characterized for pure water flux and rejection of solute and by SEM observation. The filtration results agreed well with the SEM observations. As expected, PEG with a fixed molecular weight (PEG 600) acted as a pore forming agent, and membrane porosity increased as the PEG content of the casting solution increased.

关键词： permeation ethylene filtration PEI/NMP/PEG membrane

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Preparation and permeability of ZSM-35 zeolite membranes on porous stainless steel tubes

ZHU Gang, WANG Jinqu, ZHANG Yan, LU Jinming, XIU Jinghai

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 217-220 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0039-z

摘要： ZSM-35 zeolite membranes were prepared on porous stainless steel tubes with silica sol and tetraethoxysilane as silica source, and with 1-butylamine and ethylenediamine as templates, respectively. The characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the membranes prepared with ethylenediamine as the template displayed growth orientation with their crystal planes (h00) parallel to the support surface. The single-component permeability tests of H, N and CH showed that the membranes synthesized with ethylenediamine as the template, compared with those with 1-butylamine as the template, showed relatively higher permeation rates and ideal separation factors, and above their corresponding ideal Knudsen diffusion factors, which might be attributed to the different growth orientation of zeolite membranes synthesized with different templates.

关键词： single-component permeability diffusion different permeation orientation

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A CO and CO

Guoxing Chen, Marc Widenmeyer, Binjie Tang, Louise Kaeswurm, Ling Wang, Armin Feldhoff, Anke Weidenkaff

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 405-414 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1886-0

摘要： A series of novel dense mixed conducting ceramic membranes based on K NiF -type (La Ca ) (Ni Cu )O was successfully prepared through a sol-gel route. Their chemical compatibility, oxygen permeability, CO and CO tolerance, and long-term CO resistance regarding phase composition and crystal structure at different atmospheres were studied. The results show that higher Ca contents in the material lead to the formation of CaCO . A constant oxygen permeation flux of about 0.63 mL·min ·cm at 1173 K through a 0.65 mm thick membrane was measured for (La Ca ) (Ni Cu )O , using either helium or pure CO as sweep gas. Steady oxygen fluxes with no sign of deterioration of this membrane were observed with increasing CO concentration. The membrane showed excellent chemical stability towards CO for more than 1360 h and phase stability in presence of CO for 4 h at high temperature. In addition, this membrane did not deteriorate in a high-energy CO plasma. The present work demonstrates that this (La Ca ) (Ni Cu )O membrane is a promising chemically robust candidate for oxygen separation applications.

关键词： K₂NiF₄ structure oxygen permeation membrane CO₂ and CO resistances CO₂ plasma resistance long-term robustness

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Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 142-147 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0357-7

摘要： The analysis of the failure mechanics, namely hydrogen permeation of vacuum insulated tubing (VIT), indicated that the failure of VIT could be decreased but could not be avoided. To solve this problem, some measures by using non-vacuum materials were proposed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that to fill the tubing with foam-glass beads or high pressure argon may lead to a good performance.

关键词： vacuum insulated tubing cyclic steam stimulation insulation material thermal conductivity foam-glass hydrogen permeation

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巨晓洁：用于水处理和水检测的新型功能材料（2022年4月16日）

2022年06月09日

关键词：绿色化工

水·水资源·农业节水

刘更另

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第7期页码 39-42

摘要：

文章从水性质特点谈到中国水资源的问题，认为不能单纯用年平均降雨量的多少来判定中国水资源的状况，水资源开发利用的好坏决定于人类社会的调节和管理。中国水资源总的来说是够用的，最大问题是降水量的时空分布不平衡。

中国农民几千年来创造了许多治水蓄水用水的经验。农业节水非常重要，关键在"分散蓄水，分散使用"，以减少径流在汇集和分散过程中的损失和污染，在提高水的利用效率方面有一系列的科研和实际工作要做。

关键词：水水资源农业节水分散蓄水

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王光谦：全球水循环与水资源利用（2019年10月17日）

王光谦(院士)

2021年01月20日

关键词：自然保护

Managing water for life

Daniel P. LOUCKS, Haifeng JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 255-264 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0359-6

摘要： Water is essential for life. In spite of the entire engineering infrastructure devoted to the treatment, regulation and beneficial uses of water, occasionally sufficient quantities and qualities of water become scarce. When this happens, just how do we decide how much less water to allocate to all of us and the activities we engage in to sustain and enhance our quality of life? This paper addresses some of the complexities of answering such a question, especially as society increasingly recognizes the need to provide flow regimes that will maintain healthy aquatic and floodplain ecosystems that also impact the economic, physical and even the spiritual quality of our lives. For we depend on these ecosystems to sustain our wellbeing. We are indeed a part of our ecosystems. We depend upon on aquatic ecosystems to moderate river flow qualities and quantities, reduce the extremes of floods and droughts, reduce erosion, detoxify and decompose waterborne wastes, generate and preserve flood plain soils and renew their fertility, regulate disease carrying organisms, and to enhance recreational benefits of river systems. This question of deciding just how much water to allocate to each water user and for the maintenance of viable aquatic ecosystems, especially when there is not enough, is a complex, and largely political, issue. This issue is likely to become even more complex and political and contentious in the future as populations grow and as water quantities and their qualities become even more variable and uncertain.

关键词： water stress aquatic ecosystems sustainable water resource allocations ecosystem water requirements

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The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiencyand green and blue water footprint

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 185-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017149

摘要： This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency (IE), crop water use efficiency (WUE), and green and blue water footprint (WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the AquaCrop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE (by 5%) and reducing blue WF (by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE (by 4% and 10%, respectively) and reduced blue WF (by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular, WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.

关键词： field management irrigation efficiency water footprint water productivity water use efficiency

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Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident-technology and practice in China

Xiaojian ZHANG , Chao CHEN ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 364-368 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0027-2

摘要： An investigation into emergency potable water treatment technologies was conducted to investigate China’s water pollution situation. In order to confirm optimum parameters, the technological efficiency of each pollutant was obtained. About 100 contaminants were tested to find the emergency treatment technologies, most of which were found to be positive. This paper presents the three largest and most significant water pollution incidents in China to date, analyzing cases such as the nitrobenzene pollution incident in the Songhua River in November 2005, the cadmium pollution incident in the Beijiang River in December 2005, and the water crisis with odorous tap water in Wuxi City in May 2007.

关键词： emergency drinking water treatment water pollution adsorption oxidation precipitation

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Molecular analysis of bacterial community in the tap water with different water ages of a drinking water

Feng Wang, Weiying Li, Yue Li, Junpeng Zhang, Jiping Chen, Wei Zhang, Xuan Wu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1020-4

摘要： Bacterial community in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) was regulated by multiple environmental factors, many of which varied as a function of water age. In this study, four water samples with different water ages, including finished water (FW, 0 d) and tap water (TW) [TW1 (1 d), TW2(2 d) and TW3(3 d)], were collected along with the mains of a practical DWDS, and the bacterial community was investigated by high-throughput sequencing technique. Results indicated that the residual chlorine declined with the increase of water age, accompanied by the increase of dissolved organic matter, total bacteria counts and bacterial diversity (Shannon). For bacterial community composition, although Proteobacteria phylum (84.12%-97.6%) and Alphaproteobacteria class (67.42%-93.09%) kept dominate, an evident regular was observed at the order level. In detail, the relative abundance of most of other residual orders increased with different degrees from the start to the end of the DWDS, while a downward trend was uniquely observed in terms of Rhizobiales, who was inferred to be chlorine-resistant and be helpful for inhibiting pipes corrosion. Moreover, some OTUs were found to be closely related with species possessing pathogenicity and chlorine-resistant ability, so it was recommended that the use of agents other than chlorine or agents that can act synergically with chlorine should be developed for drinking water disinfection. This paper revealed bacterial community variations along the mains of the DWDS and the result was helpful for understanding bacterial ecology in the DWDS.

关键词： Bacterial community Water age High-throughput sequencing technique Drinking water distribution system